Tuesday, June 8, 2021

Women in Leadership in the New testament: the silent witnesses and the silencing passages (part 1) the silent witnesses (mark 16:1-8, Romans 16:1-15)

 


This winter at HopeWhangarei we are preaching a sermon series called her Story, Her Voice: women in the Bible. explore the stories of women in the bible and what they have to say to us today. using their inspirational stories and allowing them to speak to us and inspire and encourage us in our Christian walk.

my contribution to that series is going to be preaching a series looking at 'women in leadership in the New Testament: The Silent Witnesses and the Silencing Passages'. Looking at Paul's practice of acknowledging both women and men in ministry and leadership (the silent witnesses) and then wrestling with  the so called silencing passages in his writing. verse which have been used and  in my humble opinion misused to keep women out of Church leadership. 

here is the link to the first message in that series... giving and introduction to the whole series and looking at Mark 16:1-8 the ressurection narrative and Romans 16:1-15 to look at the silent witnesses to women in leadership in the New testament.

https://anchor.fm/hope-whangarei/episodes/6-5-21-Howard-Carter---Women-in-Leadership-in-the-New-Testament-e1286ff 


here is the script for the message  

Today is the start of our winter sermon series here at HopeWhangarei. The series is called her story her voice: women in the bible. Looking at the lives and faith journeys of women in the biblical narrative. There is a tradition of doing character studies in sermons looking at this biblical character or that person in the scripture as a way of encouraging and inspiring our own life of faith. Over the next three months we will be looking at women in the New and Old Testament and allowing their stories, their journeys, their lives, their experience of God and their voices to speak to us. AS well as our normal preaching team I’ve invited our women lay preachers to share those women’s stories with us. To give them voice. My hope and my prayer for this series is that the Spirit may speak anew and afresh to us through the lives and faith of these Women. Often overlooked or not heard, but who are an intricate part of God’s story and ours.

My contribution to this series is going to be looking at Women in Leadership in the New Testament. Looking at the silent witnesses to women in leadership within the early church in Paul’s epistles, that’s what we are going to do today, and then wrestling with the difficult verses in Paul’s writing which some have called the silencing passages that seem to be anti-women in leadership.  That’s where I’ll be going over the next few months.

Why do that you ask? Isn’t it really a non-issue? You have to realise that in our Presbyterian church women have only been able to be ordained as elders for the past 65 years and as ministers for the last 55. One of the thy kingdom come videos that really spoke to me over our season of prayer was the first black women bishop in the Anglican church Rose Hudson-Wilkins whose message of being open to saying yes to God was inspirational. At the same time online a facebook friend posted a meme from a professor in a conservative university in the US which said…’if you go to a church that has women regularly preach or preach even once… go somewhere else it’s not a proper church’. I know women who have not been allowed to exercise their leadership and teaching ministry because of interpretations of Pauline passages we are going to be looking at. 

There is a divide theologically over the issue of women in leadership, one side of the argument calls themselves complementarianism, that men and women are of equal value and can have equal access to God but are created to complement each other and so there are certain ministry and leadership roles that women cannot have. The other side of the argument is egalitarianism that men and women are created equal, with equal access to God and equally able to serve and use the gifts God has given them in any and every role. Both sides can point to biblical texts and examples to back up their position, both sides claim to want to be faithful to God’s word.   I don’t think you’ll take long to work out which side of the divide I’m on. But I’ll try and provide a balanced view on scripture and its interpretation.

Some people have suggested that the Christian faiths change of stance of women in leadership is a result of the changing understanding of women and men in our society, they see it as walking away from scripture. Yet equally the changing role of women in society I believe has caused us to go back and re-examine the biblical texts and strip away some of our cultural bias and see afresh what was in the texts all along, women in leadership in the early church.

When NT Wright is asked about women in leadership he says he starts by looking at the two passages we had read out to us today. The resurrection narrative and the passage where Paul brings greeting to his Christian brothers and sisters in the church at Rome. Because in these two passages we see both Jesus attitude and Paul’s practice of having women as co-workers.

The resurrection narrative in all four gospels has the women who went to Jesus tomb being the first to know the good news that Jesus had risen from the dead and being the first to be commanded and commissioned to go and tell. Before we have the great commission we have this commission. It’s often used as part of the argument for the validity of the resurrection narrative because in Jewish society women were not considered to be reliable witnesses they were seen as too emotional. If it was a made up story the women would not be the first on the scene. In mark’s narrative this could be why his story of the resurrection Sunday finishes with the women being afraid. In Luke’s gospel we find them not being believed, peter has to go and check for himself, and on the road to Emmaus Cleopas tells the man who turns out to be Jesus that the women had some amazing news but they were sceptical. It is hard to think that Jesus entrusting the good news of his resurrection to these women was only for the one trip to the disciples to let them know. That they were then to be dropped from the great commission of going and telling everyone and making disciples. AS my friend New Testament scholar Mark Keown says ‘there was a time when the church was only women, as they were the only ones who knew of his resurrection. It says something of Jesus attitude towards women and their role in his Kingdom. At Pentecost the spirit of God fell on all 120 people present, both men and women, to empower them to be Jesus witness to the nations, as it had said in Joel, that they would all declare forth God’s word, prophesy.

The passage at the end of Romans contains a list of names of people who Paul brings greeting to at the Church in Rome. Many of whom he acknowledges as actively involved in the leadership, working for the Lord. Reading it in the Good News Version we might miss the fact that in that list of names are ten women. Who are acknowledged who are described in different ways as working for the Lord, being active in ministry and leadership. They are the women along with some others throughout the epistles that Gordon fee calls the silent witnesses to an acceptance of women in leadership in the early Church.

In verse 1 and 2 Paul commends Phoebe to the church at Rome, he calls her a servant of the church at Cenchrea, which is on the Corinth peninsula, and a benefactor to many. I know I may sound a bit pretentious here but the Greek word translated serves is diakonos which literally means to wait on tables. Some have suggested that it has the meaning of our word deacon or in our church polity manager. So Phoebe could have a leadership role but more of a servant limited one, that maybe reading back into the scripture our understanding of offices in the church. Our English word minister comes from this word… to be a servant. Being a benefactor show us that she was a wealthy independent woman, she may have travelled to Rome on Business.

Having her mentioned her and being recommend also has been taken by many to postulate the fact that phoebe was the person who Paul entrusted with his letter to the Romans. He is asking them to acknowledge her in that role. That does not mean that she was just the mailman. Letters would have been read by the people who delivered them and they would have been the ones who would be asked to explain this and that. What did Paul mean by justification by faith and righteousness. It is quite probable that the first ever expositor of this great letter to the Romans, this letter that sparked the reformation, was a women. Phoebe.

Then we have Pricilla and her husband Aquila, who Paul calls his co-workers in Christ, a title he uses for people like timothy and Titus.. We know they fled Rome with the expulsion of the Jews under Claudius, Aquilla worked as a tent maker with Paul, they taught Apollos in Ephesus and from this section we see they had suffered imprisonment for their faith. Five out of the six times that Pricilla and Aquila are mentioned in the scriptures Pricilla is mentioned first which may implies she is seen as the more prominent of the two. However they were both seen as involved in leadership and teaching. We see also that they have a leadership role in the church at Rome  a house church meets in their home.

Then in verse 6 we have Mary who is said to work very hard for you. I’m sure its not just in the kitchen making  the sandwiches, likewise in 12 Paul greets three other women who are equally said to work hard for you in the Lord. Tryphena and Tryphosa and Paul’s dear friend Persis.   These are women’s names and they are said to be actively involved in leading the church and spreading the gospel.

In verse 7 we have a couple of people who are mentioned Andronicus and Junia. Who are said to be outstanding amongst the apostles, and who were in Christ before Paul.  There are some issues with translation here, as outstanding amongst the apostles as the NIV and NRSV and KJV translate it could also be translated as well known amongst the apostles, which is what the good news bible says. The challenge is that while Andronicus is a male name, Junia is a woman’s name, so for her to be acknowledged as outstanding amongst the apostles, which is the more natural translation, is to say that she was considered by the church to have an apostolic ministry, to be a church planter and missionary. Some translations have circumnavigated that by translating Junia as Junias (like in the good News translation)  which is a masculine name. However of the over 200 inscriptions in the city of Rome where the name Junia occurs there are no instances where the masculine is used. None, Junia is the more natural reading. Problems with this seem to be a more modern occurrence. We have from amongst the church fathers early Christian writer’s reflections on this Chrysostom, the bishop of Constantinople in the 300’s says ‘the women of that time were more zealous than the men sharing with the apostles in the labour of preaching’. Origin also acknowledged this greeting as reason why women should be seen as ordained into leadership.

We also have Rufus mother and Julia mentioned in this passage possibly in roles which we might be more used to seeing women. Rufus mother, whom Paul acknowledges is a mother to him as well. He values the contribution she makes to him and his ministry. And Julia and the sister of Nereus are also mentioned as being part of the church and known to Paul. If the other women were not seen in leadership roles then you could expect that they may have simply warranted a mention here at the end of the list.

Outside of Romans 16 we have other silent witnesses to women in leadership roles. In the church in Corinth Paul speaks of Chloe’s people, who bring to Paul concerns about what is happening in that Church. The implication is that Chloe was the prominent woman and leader. In Phillipi the first convert is Lydia, whose household is baptised and opens her house to be the first church in Europe. She is the head of that household. Then in Paul’s letter to the church at Phillipi he writes concerning two women who are in conflict with each other.  Euodia and Syntyche, who Paul speaks of struggling with him for the gospel and calls co-workers along with male leaders such as clement. Again that word co-worker is applied to the likes of Timothy and Titus. So a strong affirmation of Paul's acceptance of women in ministry. The way he calls for there to be mediation between the two also reflects the respect he has for them as co-workers. Because of their position in the church their conflict has the potential to cause great harm.


These are the silent witnesses to women in leadership in the New Testament. We don’t know their stories or anything much about them, they do not speak, but by looking at the people that Paul greets and the way he addresses them we can see that Paul was open to a church where both men and women were actively involved in leadership and working together for the spread of the gospel and the Church. That is important when we come to look at the so called silencing passages because it provides a picture of what the early Church was like, its practice.

I was talking with Elaine Holwell on Tuesday morning before she went out as our Central City Chaplain which is a very missionary position to our context here and I was in preacher mode so going through all the stuff that I’ve just gone through with you and Elaine said well that’s the information Howard, but what is the revelation, what is there for us. And I was challenged by that. So here is what I think is the revelation for us it’s short and its simple.

That Paul seemed to respect and value the ministry and leadership of women and men, in a whole lot of different ministry and leadership roles. And Romans 16 paints for us a picture of a church at the heart of the empire that was vibrant and multifaceted using the gifts of both men and women to further the spread of the gospel and of the Church. That picture I believe is a vision for us today as the church as well. To be co-workers valuing each other’s gifts, leadership and ministry equally, male and female, young and old to fulfil our churches vision of being a flourishing Christian community that connects people to God and one another.


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